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DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Abalone (Shell)	3-4	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Very soft, scratches easily, avoid all chemicals. Use damp cloth to clean.
	3-4	dyed	to add color	commonly	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	fair
	3-4	stabilized	prevent porosity	occasionally		fair
Agate (Chalcedony)	6.5	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normalcare
	6.5	bleached/dyed/ stained	to alter color	commonly	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	good to excellent	Avoid sudden temperature changes, chemicals including purfumes and hairspray; and ultrasonic cleaners.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Amazonite (Feldspar)	6.5	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Avoid harsh chemicals, heat, sonic and ultrasonic cleaning. Use mild soap and damp cloth.
	6.5	irradiation	to alter color	rarely	Undetectable	very good
	6.5	heated	to improve color	occasionally		very good
	6.5	dyed	to improve color	occasionally	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	very good
	6.5	impregnated with colorless wax or oil	to improve overall appearance and luster	occasionally		good to fair
	6.5	impregnated with hardening agents or plastic	to improve appearance and durability	occasionally		very good
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Amber	2-2.5	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Very soft, scratches easily, avoid harsh chemicals, heat, sonic and ultrasonic cleaning. Use damp cloth with mild soap to clean.
	2-2.5	heat/Pressure	to improve clarity and darken color	frequently	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	very good
	2-2.5	dyed/stained	to alter color	rarely		variable
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Amblygonite	5.5-6	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Soft stone, can be brittle. Avoid steamer and ultrasonic cleaners.
	5.5-6	irradiated	to alter color	occasionally	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	good
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Amethyst (Quartz)	7	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Avoid extreme heat. Use mild soap and soft cloth to clean.
	7	heated/irradiated	to improve color	occasionally	Undetectable	excellent
	7	surface coated	to improve color	rarely	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	poor
	7	quench-crakled	to allow penetration of dyes.	occasionally	Undetectable	excellent
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Ametrine (Quartz)	7	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Avoid extreme heat or thermal shock.
	7	heated	to improve color	occasionally	Undetectable	excellent
	7	surface coated	to improve color	rarely	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	poor
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Ammolite (Ammonite)	3.5-4	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Avoid harsh chemicals (solvents), steamer and ultrasonic cleaners.
	3.5-4	impregnation/stabilize	to improve durability	commonly	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	good
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Ammonite (Ammonite)	3.5-4	lacquer coating	to improve durability	commonly	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	good	Avoid harsh chemicals (solvents), steamer and ultrasonic cleaners.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Andalusite	7-7.5	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care, avoid steamers.
	7-7.5	heated	to improve color	occasionally	Undetectable	excellent
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Apatite	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Moderately soft, scratches easily, avoid harsh chemicals, heat, sonic and ultrasonic cleaning.
	5	heated	to improve color	frequently	Detectable by qualified Gemologist with use of equipment		good
	5	irradiated	to improve color	occasionally	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory		good
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Aquamarine (Beryl)	7.5-8	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	7.5-8	heated	to improve color	almost always	not detectable	excellent
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Aventurine Quartz (Quartzite)	6.5	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	6.5	dyed	to improve color	often	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	good to excellent	Avoid abrasives, ultrasonic cleaners, and heat.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Azurite	3.5-4	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Very soft, scratches easily, avoid all chemicals and abrasives. Use damp cloth to clean.
	3.5-4	impregnation	to improve appearance/ durability	occasionally	Detectable by qualified Gemologist with use of equipment	fair to good
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Azurmalachite	3.5-4	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Very soft, scratches easily, avoid abrasives, ultra sonic, solvents and heat. Use damp cloth to clean.
	3.5-4	impregnation	to improve polish/ durability	rarely	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	good
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Banded Agate (Chalcedony)	6.5	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	6.5	dyed/stained	to alter color	commonly	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	excellent
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Benitoite (Bastnasite)	4-4.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Avoid steamers and ultrasonic cleaners.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Bixbite (Beryl)	7.5-8	oiled/resin infused	to improve clarity and appearance	commonly	Detectable by qualified Gemologist with use of equipment	fair to good	Avoid ultrasonic cleaners, and harsh chemicals.
	7.5-8	Opticon/Excel	to improve clarity and appearance	sometimes	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	verygood
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Black Star Diopside	5.5-6	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Bloodstone (Chalcedony)	6-6.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Carnelian (Chalcedony)	6.5	heated	to improve color	usually	Undetectable	excellent	Normal care
	6.5	dyed/stained	to alter color	often	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	good to excellent	Avoid harsh chemicals, acetone and ultrasonic cleaners.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Cat's Eye Tourmaline	7-7.5	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	7-7.5	acid treatment	to improve appearance	occasionally	Undetectable	good
	7-7.5	oiled/resin infused	to improve clarity	occasionally	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	good	Avoid steamer and ultra sonic cleaners.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Chalcedony	6.5	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	6.5	heated	to improve color	often	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	good
	6.5	dyed	to alter/improve color	often	Detectable by qualified Gemologist with use of equipment	good
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Chrome Diopside	5.5-6	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Chrome Tourmaline	7-7.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Chrysocolla (Chalcedony)	2-6	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Very soft, scratches easily, avoid all chemicals. Use damp cloth to clean.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Chrysoprase (Chalcedony)	6.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Citrine (Quartz)	7	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	7	heated	to alter color	commonly	Undetectable	excellent
	7	irradiated	to mprove color	commonly	Undetectable	good
	7	dye	to improve color	commonly	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	good
	7	surface coated	to improve color	rarely		poor
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Color Change Garnet	7-7.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
Copper Bearing Tourmaline	7-7.5	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	7-7.5	heated	to alter color	occasionally	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	excellent
Coral	3-4	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Avoid ultrasonic cleaners, steam and extreme heat.
	3-4	bleaching	to alter color	commonly	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	good
	3-4	impregnated waxed/oiled	to improve appearance and luster	frequently		good
	3-4	dyed/stained	to alter color	frequently		good
	3-4	assembled product	to create coral effect from smaller stones	frequently		fair to good
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Danburite	7-7.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Avoid steamers and ultrasonic cleaners.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Demantoid Garnet	6.5	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	6.5	low temperature(heat)	to improve color	occasionally	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	excellent
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Dendritic Agate	6.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Dendritic Quartz	7	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	7	heated	to alter color	rarely	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	excellent
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Diamond (Brown or Champagne)	10	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	10	HPHT(high pressure, high temperature)	to lighten or change color	occasionally	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	good	Avoid high temperature.
	10	lasered bleached with acid	to improve clarity	often		very good	Normal care
	10	fracture filled	to improve clarity	occasionally	Detectable by qualified Gemologist with use of equipment	fair to very good	Avoid extreme heat, temperature changes, steaming, chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners.
	10	coated	to add or minimize color	rarely	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	poor to good	Color may be affected by polishing, recutting, ultrasonic cleaners, alcohol.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Diamond (Color range D-Z)	10	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	10	HPHT(high pressure, high temperature)	to improve color	occasionally	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	good	Avoid high temperature.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Diamond (Yellow, Pink,Black, Blue, Green)	10	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	10	HPHT(high pressure, high temperature)	to improve color	occasionally	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	good	Avoid high temperature.
	10	lasered filled	to improve clarity	occasionally		very good	Normal care
	10	irradiated	to create color	often		very good to excellent
	10	fracture filled	to improve clarity	sometimes		fair to very good	Avoid extreme heat, temperature changes, steaming, chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners.
	10	coated	to add color	sometimes		poor to good	Color may be affected by polishing, recutting, ultrasonic cleaners, alcohol.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Diaspore	6.5-7	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Diopside	5.5-6	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Heat sensitive, do not expose to harsh chemicals.Do not use ultrasonic cleaner.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Dravite Tourmaline	7-7.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Druzy Quartz	7	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	7	CVD	to produce color	frequently	Detectable by qualified Gemologist with use of equipment	very good	Avoid abrasion.
	7	heated	to improve color	occasionally		excellent	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Emerald (Beryl)	7.5-8	no treatment	n/a	extremely rare	Detectable by qualified Gemologist with use of equipment	n/a	Normal care
	7.5-8	dyed/stained	to alter color	occasionally		fair	Avoid extreme heat, temperature changes, steamer, chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners.
	7.5-8	fracture filled with oil/resin	to improve clarity and appearance	almost always		fair to good
	7.5-8	fracture filled with hardened/resin	to improve clarity and appearance	sometimes	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	fair to good
	7.5-8	ExCel	to improve clarity and appearance	sometimes		very good	Normal care
	7.5-8	assembled	to improve color and durability	occasionally	Detectable by a qualified Gemologist	n/a	Avoid heat, chemicals, steamers, and ultrasonic cleaners.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Euclase	7.5	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Avoid steamer, ultrasonic cleaners and high heat.
	7.5	irradiation	to add color	n/a	Undetectable	n/a
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Fire Agate	6.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Fire Opal	5.5-6	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Avoid water, heat and solvents.
	5.5-6	impregnated	to improve stability and durability	occasionally	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	good
	5.5-6	dyed/stained	to add color	sometimes		good
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Fluorite	4	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Very soft, scratches easily, avoid all chemicals. Use damp cloth to clean.
	4	plastic or resin impregnation	to improve durability	rarely	Detectable by a qualified Gemologist	n/a
	4	heated	to improve color	commonly	Undetectable	good
	4	irradiated	to alter/improve color	occasionally	Undetectable	good
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Fossil		not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
		stabilized	to improve durability	commonly	Detectable by a qualified Gemologist	good	Avoid steamers and ultrasonic cleaners.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Goshenite (Beryl)	7.5-8	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Heliodor (Beryl)	7.5-8	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	7.5-8	irradiation	to improve color	commonly	Undetectable	stable	Avoid high heat
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Hematite	5.5-6.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Hemimorphite	4.5-5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	nza	n/a	Moderately soft, avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steamers.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Hessonite Garnet	7-7.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Hiddenite (Spodumene)	6.5-7	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Wear with care???
	6.5-7	irradiated	to create color	rarely	Undetectable	poor
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Howlite - White	3-3.5	dyeing	to alter color	commonly	Detectable by a qualified Gemologist	good	Normal care
	3-3.5	impregnated	to improve luster	occasionally		good
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Idocrase	6.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steamers.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Imperial Topaz	8	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	8	heated	to improve color	usually	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	variable
	8	irradiated	to improve color	sometimes		variable	Avoid heat and strong light.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Indicolite Tourmaline	7.7.5	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	7-7.5	heated	to improve color	commonly	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	excellent
	7-7.5	oiled/resin infused	to improve appearance	occasionally		fair to good	Avoid steamer and ultra sonic cleaners.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Iolite	7-7.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Avoid thermal shock, ultrasonic cleaners and acids can damage.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Ivory	2-3	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Very soft, scratches easily may discolor with time. Discoloration is due to porosity/absorption of body oils or other substances from wearing. Avoid chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners. Requires gentle handling.
	2-3	bleached	to improve color	commonly	n/a	good
	2-3	dyed/stained	to alter color or to look aged	often	n/a	good
	2-3	impregnated	to minimize porosity	occasionally	n/a	good
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Jadeite Jade - Jadeite/Omphacite	6.5-7	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Avoid heat, harsh chemicals, and ultrasonic cleaners.
	6.5-7	heated	to alter color	n/a	Undetectable	excellent
	6.5-7	waxed/oiled	to improve appearance	commonly	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	good
	6.5-7	Bleached/impregnated	to improve appearance	frequently		good	Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners.
	6.5-7	dyed/stained	to add color	often		good
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Jasper	6-6.5	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Avoid chemicals, steamer, and ultrasonic cleaners
	6-6.5	dyed	to add color	occasionally	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	fair
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Kunzite (Spodumene)	6.5-7	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Fading will occur if stone is exposed to prolonged exposure to light, especially UV and sunlight.
	6.5-7	irradiated	to improve color	n/a	Undetectable	fair to good
	6.5-7	heated	to improve color	commonly	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	fair
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Kyanite	5 & 7	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Moderately soft, scratches easily. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steamers.
	5 & 7	heated	to alter color	rarely	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	n/a
	5 & 7	oiled/resin infused	to improve clarity	occasionally	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	fair
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Labradorite (Feldspar -plagioclase)	6-6.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Avoid steamers and ultrasonic cleaners.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY		CARE & HANDLING
Labradorite/Andesine	6-6.5	diffused	to add color	occasionally	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	very good
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Lapis Lazuli	5-6	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Avoid exposure to acids, heat, steamer and ultrasonic cleaners.
	5-6	waxed/oiled	to improve appearance	commonly	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	fair
	5-6	dyed/stained	to improve color	commonly		poor to good
	5-6	coating/ impregnation	to improve appearance	commonly		fair
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Larimar	4.5-5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Moderately soft scratches easily, avoid steamer and ultrasonic cleaners.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Lazulite	5-6	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Avoid chemicals, steamer, and ultrasonic cleaners.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Malachite	3.5-4	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Very soft, scratches easily. Avoid chemicals, heat, steamer, and ultrasonic cleaners.
	3.5-4	coated with colorless wax	to improve appearance	occasionally	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	fair
	3.5-4	impregnated with plastic	to improve appearance and durability	often		good
	3.5-4	dyed	to improve color uniformity	occasionally		good
	3.5-4	reconstituted	to improve color uniformity	occasionally		good
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Malaya Garnet	7-7.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Mali Garnet	6.5-7	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Marcasite	6-6.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Matrix Opal	6	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	6	oiled/resin infused	to improve appearance and clarity	occasionally	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	fair	Avoid heat, chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and repolishing.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Maw Sit Sit	6-7	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steamers.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Meteorite	n/a	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	n/a	sealed	to prevent rusting	commonly	n/a	good
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Moldavite (Natural Glass)	5-5.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Avoid thermal shock.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Moonstone (Feldspar - orthoclase)	6-6.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steamers.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Morganite (Beryl)	7.5-8	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	7.5-8	heated	to improve color	commonly	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	excellent
	7.5-8	irradiated	to produce color	commonly		good
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Mother of Pearl (Shell)	3	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Very soft and porous, avoid heat, chemicals, and ultrasonic cleaners.
	3	dyed/stained	to alter color	commonly	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	fair to good
	3	stabilized	toreduce porosity, to stabilized stone	sometimes		fair to good
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Nephirte	6-6.5	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	6-6.5	impregnated/ waxed	to improve appearance	commonly	Detectable by qualified Gemologist with use of equipment	fair	Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners.
	6-6.5	dyed/stained	to add color	rarely	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	unknown
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Onyx (Chalcedony)	6.5	dyed/stained	to alter color	almost always	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	good	Normal care
	6.5	irradiated	to darken color	occasionally		excellent	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Opal Doublet	6	assembled product	to improve color and/or durability	always	Merged cell not sure what should be here.	n/a	Avoid heat, chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and repolishing.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Opal -Crystal/Black	5.5-6	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Avoid recutting  ???
	5.5-6	sugar	to improve color	rarely	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	good
	5.5-6	smoke	to improve color	rarely		good
	5.5-6	dye	to improve color	rarely		good	Avoid heat, chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and repolishing.
	5.5-6	impregnation	to improve stability	rarely	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	good
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Pearl	3-4	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Avoid cosmetics, perfumes, hairsprays, heat, household chemicals, steamer, and ultrasonic cleaners.
	3-4	bleached	to whiten and remove discoloration	usually	Undetectable	excellent
	3-4	dyed/stained	to add color	commonly	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	good
	3-4	irradiated	to create color	occasionally	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	very good
	3-4	coated	to even color, improve luster	often	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	fair to good
	3-4	heating	to improve color	often	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	very good
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Peridot	6.5	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steamers.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Pezzottaite	8	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	8	fracture filled	to improve clarity	occasionally	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	good	Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steamers.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Phenakite	7.5-8	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Pietersite (Quartzite)	6.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Pink Opal	6	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Avoid heat, chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners.
	6	dyed	to enhance color	occasionally	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	fair to good	Avoid thermal shock, steaming, chemicals, and ultrasonic cleaners.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Prasiolite (Quartz)	7	irradiated/annealed	to alter color	always	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	very good	Avoid a jeweler's torch
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Prehnite	6-6.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Pyrite	6-6.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Pyrope Garnet	7-7.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Rhodochrosite	3.5-4.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Very soft, easily scratched or chipped. Avoid steamer and ultrasonic cleaners.
	3.5-4.5	fracture filled	to improve clarity	occasionally	Detectable by qualified Gemologist with use of equipment	good
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Rhodolite Garnet	7-7.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Rhodonite	5.5-6.5	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	5.5-6.5	dyed/stained	to add color	occasionally	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	poor
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Rock Crystal Quartz	7	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Rose Quartz	7	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	7	dyed	to add color	commonly	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	good	Avoid heat, temperature changes, steaming, chemicals, and ultrasonic cleaners.
	7	surface coated	to improve color	rarely		poor
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Rubellite Tourmaline	7-7.5	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	7-7.5	heated	to improve color	occasionally	Undetectable	excellent
	7-7.5	irradiated	to create color	commonly	Undetectable	excellent
	7-7.5	oiled/resin infused	to improve appearance	occasionally	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	fair to good	Avoid temperature changes, steaming, chemicals, and ultrasonic cleaners.
	7-7.5	dyed/stained	to alter color	rarely	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	poor to fair
	7-7.5	fracture filled	to improve clarity	occasionally	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	good
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Ruby (Corundum)	9	no treatment (extremely rare)	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	9	heated	to improve clarity and appearance	usually	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	excellent
	9	filled/flux healed	to improve clarity	commonly	Detectable by qualified Gemologist with use of equipment	good to excellent
	9	Berylium lattice diffusion	to improve color	occasionally	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	excellent
	6-9	lead glass filled(fissure filled)	toimprove clarity, fill cracks	commonly	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	poor	Avoidharsh chemicals, steam and ultrasonic cleaners.
	9	surface diffusion	to create asterism or color	occasionally	Detectable by qualified Gemologist with use of equipment	good	Avoid repolishing / recutting and scratching.
	9	dyed/stained with colored oils or polymers	to improve color and clarity	occasionally		poor	Avoid harsh chemicals, heat and ultrasonic cleaners.
	9	Titanium diffusion	to improve color	rarely	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	excellent	Avoid recutting
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Rutilated Quartz	7	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Sapphire (Corundum)	9	no treatment (rare)	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	9	heated	to improve color and clarity	usually	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	excellent
	9	Berylium lattice diffusion	to alter color	occasionally		excellent
	9	filled	to improve color and clarity	rarely		good
	9	dyed	to improve color	rarely	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	fair
	9	Titanium diffusion	to improve color	rarely		excellent	Avoid recutting
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Scapolite	6-6.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	6-6.5	irradiated	to altercolor	n/a	Undetectable	poor	Avoid light.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Scheelite	4.5-5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Soft stone, easily scrathed, avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steamers.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Sillimanite	6-7.5	none known	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steamers.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Smoky Quartz	7	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	7	irradiated	to create color	usually	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	good
	7	surface coated	to improve color	rarely		poor
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Sodalite	5-6	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	5-6	dyed/stained	to alter color	sometimes	Detectable by qualified Gemologist with use of equipment	fair	Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steamers.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Spessartite Garnet	7-7.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Sphalerite	3.5-4	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Very soft stone, easily scratched. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steamers.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Sphene	5-5.5	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Soft, and easily scratched. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steamers.
	5.5.5	heated	to create red or orange color	rarely	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	good
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Spinel	8	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	8	heated	to improve color and clarity	rarely	Detectable only with a internationally accredited laboratory	excellent
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Sugilite	5.5-6.5	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	5.5-6.5	dyed	to improve color	occasionally	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	good	Avoid steamers, solvents, and ultrasonic cleaners.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Sunstone	6-6.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal, gentle handling. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Taaffeite	8-8.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Tanzanite (Zoisite)	6-7	heated	to improve color	almost always	not detectable	excellent	Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steamers.
	6-7	coated	to improve color	rarely	Detectable by qualified Gemologist with use of equipment	poor to fair	Avoid chemicals, steamer and ultrasonic.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Tiger Eye	7	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	7	chemical bleaching with acid or bleaching agents	to alter color	occasionally	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	excellent
	7	heated	to alter color	commonly	Undetectable	excellent
	7	dye	to improve color	occasionally	Detectable by qualified Gemologist with use of equipment	excellent
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Topaz	8	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	8	heated	to improve color	commonly	not detectable	good
	8	irradiated	to create color	commonly	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	varies	Avoid thermal shock.
	8	CVD coated	to add color	occasionally	Detectable by a qualified Gemologist	fair to good	Color may be affected by polishing, ultrasonic cleaners, and alcohol.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Triphane (Spodumene)	6.5-7	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Fading will occur if stone is exposed to prolonged exposure to light, especially UV and sunlight.
	6.5-7	irradiated	to create color	rarely	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	poor
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Triplite	5-5.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Clean with distilled water avoid abrasives, acids, solvents, steamers, heat, and ultrasonic cleaners.
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Tsavorite Garnet	7-7.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Turquoise	5-6	impregnated/waxed/ oiled	to improve color and luster	commonly	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	poor to fair	Avoid hot water, household chemicals, steamer and ultrasonic cleaners. Cosmetics and perspiration may discolor stone.
	5-6	dyed/stained & stabilized	to improve color	often	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	poor to very good
	5-6	reconstructed	to make larger pieces from powder and smaller pieces	occasionally	Detectable by qualified Gemologist	very good
	5-6	stabilized	to improve durability and appearance	commonly	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	very good
	5-6	Zachary Process	to improve durability and appearance	proprietary process	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	very good
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Uvarovite "Druzy" Garnet	7-7.5	not known to be treated	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Watermelon Tourmaline	7-7.5	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Normal care
	7-7.5	heated	to improve color	rarely	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	excellent
DESCRIPTION (Family)	HARDNESS	ENHANCEMENT	PURPOSE	FREQUENCY	DETECTION	STABILITY/DURABILITY	CARE & HANDLING
Zircon	6-7.5	no treatment	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Handle with care, scratches easily; avoid high heat, ultrasonic cleaner. Use mild soap and soft cloth to clean.
	6-7.5	heated	to improve color	frequently	Detectable only with an internationally accredited laboratory	good

 

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